Pre-natal development
Pre-natal
development
Pre-natal development is of interest to psychologists investigating the
context of early psychological development. The senses develop in the womb
itself: a fetus can both see and hear by the second trimester (13 to 24 weeks
of age). Sense of touch develops in the embryonic stage (5 to 8 weeks). Most of
the brain's billions of neurons also are developed by the second semester.
Babies are hence born with some odor, taste and sound preferences, largely
related to the mother's environment.
Some
primitive reflexes too arise before birth and are still present in
newborns. One hypothesis is that these reflexes are vestigial and have limited
use in early human life. Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggested
that some early reflexes are building blocks for infant sensorimotor
development. For example the tonic neck reflex may help
development by bringing objects into the infant's field of view. Other
reflexes, such as the walking reflex appear to
be replaced by more sophisticated voluntary control later in infancy. This may
be because the infant gains too much weight after birth to be strong enough to
use the reflex, or because the reflex and subsequent development are
functionally different. It has also been suggested that some reflexes (for
example the moro and walking reflexes) are
predominantly adaptations to life in the womb with little connection to early
infant development. Primitive reflexes reappear in adults under certain
conditions, such as neurological conditions like dementia or
traumatic lesions.
Ultrasound has shown
that infants are capable of a range of movements in the womb, many of which
appear to be more than simple reflexes. By the time
they are born, infants can recognize and have a preference for their mother's
voice suggesting some pre-natal development of auditory perception. Pre-natal
development and birth complications may also be connected to neurodevelopmental
disorders, for example in schizophrenia. With the
advent of cognitive neuroscience, embryology and the
neuroscience of pre-natal development is of increasing interest to
developmental psychology research.
Several
environment agents—teratogens—can cause
damage during the prenatal period. These include prescription and
nonprescription drugs, illegal drugs, tobacco, alcohol, environmental
pollutants, infectious disease agents such as the rubella virus and
the toxoplasmosis bacterium,
maternal malnutrition, maternal emotional stress and Rh factor blood
incompatibility between mother and child.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_psychology
Vocabulary List:
1.
1. Embryonic
= Embrio
2. Senses
= Seenses
3. Womb
=Rahim
4. Neurons
=Neuron
5. Newborns
=Bayi yang baru Lahir
6. Sensorimotor
=Snsori motor
7. Sophisticated
=Canggih
8. Neurodevelopmental
=Perkembangan Syaraf
9. Prescription
=Resep
10 Schizophrenia
=Skizofrenis
e
The mathery focuses on Reading
Answer the
question bellow:
1. What
is the pre-natal development?
2. How
age when a fetus can both
see and hear?
3. What
is the Piaget's theory of
cognitive development
suggest?
4. What things that cause damage
during the prenatal period?
5. Is the mother voice can suggest
the pre-natal development?
